Clinical Characteristics Of Ckp And Hvkp
We isolated a total of 121 K. pneumoniae strains from urine samples of 121 patients with UTIs. The mean age of these patients was 57.53 years . The demographic data of the patients revealed that most patients had underlying diseases, including bacteremia , hypertension , diabetes mellitus , and bladder catheter-related infection .
Table 1 Clinical characteristics and susceptibility of hvKP and cKP isolates.
To evaluate the virulence of these strains, the virulence-associated genes were identified and confirmed using the G. mellonella infection model. Among the 121 K. pneumoniae strains, 30 strains simultaneously carried at least two virulence genes , and the mortality rate of G. mellonella infected with these 30 strains was 50%100%, which was significantly higher than that of those infected with ATCC 700603, suggesting that these strains were hvKP .
Figure 1 Evaluation of the virulence of KP isolates. Using a G. mellonella infection model, we investigated the virulence of 1 × 106 CFU of each KP strain . NTUH-K2044 and ATCC 700603 were used as high- and low-virulence KP controls, respectively. The survival rates of KP7- and KP16-infected G. mellonella were similar with ATCC 700603, while those of KP1, KP8, KP14, KP23, KP28, KP92, and KP110 were similar with NTUH-K2044, indicating that they were hypervirulent.
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How Common Are Urinary Tract Infections
Urinary tract infections are very common, occurring in 1 out of 5 women sometime in their lifetime. Though UTIs are common in women, they can also happen to men, older adults and children. One to 2% of children develop urinary tract infections. Each year, 8 million to 10 million visits to doctors are for urinary tract infections.
What Should I Eat If I Have Cystitis
DIET SHOULD BE MODERATE IN
- Cranberry. Cranberry is very effective in preventing bacteria. from sticking to the bladder wall. …
- Calcium. High levels of calcium can increase the adherence of. bacteria to the urinary tract and lead to infection. …
- Lactobacillus or acidophilus yoghurt. Live yoghurt cultures.
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What Is The Difference Between Cystitis And Uti
A UTI can occur in any part of the urinary tract: the urethra, ureters, kidneys, or bladder. If the infection stays in the urethra, its considered urethritis. The urethra is a tube that allows the body to expel urine and is connected to the bladder. If the infection occurs in the lower urinary tract and bladder, its considered cystitis. The ureters, two narrow tubes, drain urine from the kidneys into the bladder. Kidneys are responsible for removing waste and excess water from the body. If the infection moves to the upper urinary tract and kidneys, its considered pyelonephritis.
What Can Mimic A Urinary Tract Infection
Vaginitis, caused by bacteria or yeast, can result in a burning sensation when urinating and similar discomfort that may mimic a UTI. Often mistaken for a UTI, interstitial cystitis , or painful bladder condition, is a chronic condition affecting the bladder that does not improve with antibiotic treatment.
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Bladder Infection Vs Other Utis
The symptoms of a bladder infection, which people may refer to as cystitis, are very similar to those of UTIs in other parts of the urinary tract. As a result, it may be difficult to tell which part of the urinary tract has an infection based on the symptoms alone.
An infection in the urethra may cause pain and burning when urinating and discharge from the urethra, but bladder pain is not a symptom.
An infection that has spread to the kidneys will cause the most severe symptoms. A person with a kidney infection may notice the same symptoms as those of a bladder infection, plus fever, chills, and back pain.
Treatment is usually the same for all types of UTI, except for kidney infections. Treating a kidney infection may require a person to stay in the hospital.
Kidney infections can cause serious health conditions, so anyone with these symptoms should seek treatment as early as possible.
UTIs occur when harmful bacteria enter the urinary tract and start spreading.
Anyone can get a urinary tract infection, but certain risk factors can elevate the chances. These include:
- Biological sex: Females have a
Cant Sleep Because Of Cystitis
Bedtime Routine. Try sleeping in a position that helps to relax the pelvic muscles. Lying on your side and pulling your legs up into a fetal position, or spreading your legs apart if you sleep on your back, should be more comfortable. Put a hot water bottle on your abdomen or between your legs for 30 minutes before bed
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How Do I Get Rid Of A Uti Asap
5 Things You Can Do to Get Rid of a Urinary Tract Infection Quickly
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When To See A Doctor
Although the body may sometimes fight off a UTI on its own, waiting for this to happen carries risks. UTIs can quickly spread, causing serious kidney infections.
A person should see a doctor for any symptoms of a UTI, particularly if they are pregnant or have an underlying health condition that affects their immune system.
A person with should go to the emergency room for immediate medical care. The symptoms of a kidney infection include:
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Things You Can Do Yourself
To help ease symptoms of a urinary tract infection :
- takeparacetamolup to 4 times a day to reduce pain and a high temperature for people with a UTI, paracetamol is usually recommended over NSAIDs such as ibuprofen or aspirin
- you can give childrenliquid paracetamol
- rest and drink enough fluids so you pass pale urine regularly during the day
- avoid having sex
Some people take cystitis sachets or cranberry drinks and products every day to prevent UTIs from happening, which may help. However, theres no evidence they help ease symptoms or treat a UTI if the infection has already started.
How To Reduce The Risk Of A Bladder Infection
Expert opinions vary on whether certain lifestyle changes reduce the risk of bladder infection, but it may be helpful to: Drink plenty of liquids, especially water, to help flush out bacteria. Urinate often, especially when you feel the need. Wipe from front to back after urination or a bowel movement. Take showers rather than baths.
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Ok Got It But Then What Is A Kidney Infection
A kidney infection is, in essence, a UTI that has spread into the kidneys. While this type of infection is rare, its also very dangerous and if youre experiencing any of the following signs of a kidney infection, you should see a doctor immediately:
-
Upper back or side pain
-
Fever, shaking or chills
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Feeling nauseous
While most kidney infections can be treated simply with an antibiotic, if left untreated, a kidney infection can cause damage to your kidneys, leading to chronic kidney disease. The bacteria could even spread to your bloodstream creating a life-threatening situation.
How Are Urinary Tract Infections Diagnosed
Your doctor will use the following tests to diagnose a urinary tract infection:
- Urinalysis: This test will examine the urine for red blood cells, white blood cells and bacteria. The number of white and red blood cells found in your urine can actually indicate an infection.
- Urine culture: A urine culture is used to determine the type of bacteria in your urine. This is an important test because it helps determine the appropriate treatment.
If your infection does not respond to treatment or if you keep getting infections over and over again, your doctor may use the following tests to examine your urinary tract for disease or injury:
- Ultrasound: In this test, sound waves create an image of the internal organs. This test is done on top of your skin, is painless and doesnt typically need any preparation.
- Cystoscopy: This test uses a special instrument fitted with a lens and a light source to see inside the bladder from the urethra.
- CT scan: Another imaging test, a CT scan is a type of X-ray that takes cross sections of the body . This test is much more precise than typical X-rays.
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How To Prevent Bladder Infections And Utis
UTIs are common, but you can take steps to help prevent UTIs and bladder infections.
First and foremost, per the AUA, drink enough liquids dailyabout six to eight glasses. Having enough to drink is also a good option for treating a UTI.
Staying hydrated helps you pee more, and “every time you pee, you’re clearing out the infection,” explained Dr. Eilber.
Also, according to the NIDDK, watching your bathroom habits is a good idea. That means emptying your bladder each time you pee, wiping front to back, and trying to urinate after sex to flush away any bacteria. Wearing loose-fitting clothing can also keep your urethra dry and free from bacteria.
Per the CDC, taking showers instead of baths can help reduce your chance of getting a UTI. Also, avoiding unnecessary vaginal cleaning products may help.
Do You Have Cystitis Or A Uti
You may have UTI in your bladder, which leads to bacterial cystitis. However, UTI doesnt have to occur in your bladder in which case you would not have bacterial cystitis.
You may have interstitial cystitis if youre experiencing cystitis symptoms without any bacteria in your urine. Interstitial cystitis is sometimes called non-infectious cystitis because it is bladder inflammation that is not caused by a bacterial infection.
What is the difference between cystitis and UTI? There are 3 main differences between cystitis and UTI:
Can a UTI cause cystitis? UTI can directly cause bacterial cystitis, or indirectly cause interstitial cystitis. If UTI is left untreated, it can lead to chronic bladder inflammation, which is the underlying cause of interstitial cystitis.
UTI and interstitial cystitis are interconnected, yet they are different. Below, we list what differentiates the two.
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How Do I Get Rid Of My Uti Without Antibiotics
Here are five home remedies you can use to get rid of a urinary tract infection without antibiotics: Method 1. Use water. Youâd be surprised at how many health problems can be remedied with proper hydration. Drinking plenty of fluids is the best non-drug way to fight a urinary tract infection, and water is the best option.
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Types Of Urinary Tract Conditions
A urinary tract infection refers to an infection in any area of the urinary tract. Conditions that can occur in the urinary tract or with the potential to lead to complicated infections include:
- Urethritis: An inflammation of the urethra, usually caused by an infection for example, a sexually transmitted disease such as chlamydia
- Cystitis: An infection in the bladder that has often moved up from the urethra, also one of the most common UTIs
- Nephritis: Any type of kidney inflammation
- Pyelonephritis: An infection in one or both kidneys
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Symptoms Of Bladder Infections And Utis
Per the National Library of Medicine, common symptoms of UTIs, including bladder infections, include:
- Pain or burning when you urinate
- Fever, tiredness, or shakiness
- An urge to urinate often
- Pressure in your lower abdomen
- Urine that smells bad or looks cloudy or reddish
- Pain in your back or side, below the ribs
And if you’re dealing with a bladder infection, according to the CDC, you may experience the need to urinate despite having an empty bladder or bloody urine.
But symptoms of all types of UTIs are so similar that it’s hard to know what one you have based on symptoms. So, you’ll need to see a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis and treatment.
What Are The Symptoms Of A Bladder Infection Vs A Uti
Symptoms can offer clues about whether youve got a bladder infection specifically or a UTI somewhere else in your system. Regardless of which type you have, youre likely to have some or all of the most common UTI symptoms, which MedlinePlus says includes:
- Pain or burning when you urinate
- Fever, tiredness, or shakiness
- An urge to urinate often
- Pressure in your lower abdomen
- Urine that smells bad or looks cloudy or reddish
- Pain in your back or side, below the ribs
If youre dealing with a bladder infection specifically, the CDC says you may experience the following symptoms:
- Pain or burning when you urinate
- Frequent urination
- Feeling the need to urinate despite having an empty bladder
- Pressure or cramping in the groin or lower abdomen
Left untreated, a lower UTI or bladder infection can turn into a kidney infection, which the NIDDK says can lead to serious health issues like sepsis, kidney failure, or renal scarring in rare cases. According to the CDC, some common symptoms associated with kidney infections include:
- Lower back pain or pain in the side of your back
- Nausea or vomiting
The symptoms you experience with a UTI of any kind are importantthey can help clue your doctor into where the UTI is located, and which type of treatment will work best for your specific case. If you have any of the above symptoms, its important to seek medical care right away, to help treat whats going on and prevent any complications.
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Cut Back On Meat And Poultry
Some studies, such as one published in August 2018 in the journal mBio, have linked contaminated poultry and meat to E.coli bacteria strains that can cause UTIs. These studies havent proven that eating meat or poultry causes UTIs. In fact, some E.coli can live in the intestines without causing any problems. However, bacteria from the gut can enter the urinary tract and cause infection. This risk is greater in women than men, because women have shorter urethras than men, meaning the bacteria has less distance to travel to reach the bladder.
Cutting back on meat and focusing on fruits and veggies may slightly cut your risk of UTIs. According to a study of Buddhists in Taiwan, published in January 2020 in Scientific Reports, compared with nonvegetarians, vegetarians had a 16 percent lower risk of UTI.
Leading Specialist Dr Cat Anderson Said That Failing To Fully Assess Each Patient Showing Symptoms Of Cystitis However Mild Is Merely Giving A Potential Recurrent Or Chronic Bladder Infection A Step Up
Chronic UTI sufferers and medics have warned against guidance from the NHS that discourages GPs from treating or prescribing medication for patients with mild cystitis.
When patients are deemed to have mild cystitis they are forced to turn to ineffective over-the-counter medications to treat it, leaving them at risk of developing a chronic Urinary Tract Infection , according to a leading doctor.
For many patients who develop a UTI, their experience is extremely painful but short-lived. But for thousands of others, a one-off acute attack turns into a chronic infection that dominates their lives and lasts for months or even years.
Bladder infection specialist Dr Cat Anderson said that failing to fully assess each patient showing symptoms of cystitis however mild means giving a potential recurrent or chronic bladder infection a step up.
She toldithat the terms cystitis and UTI usually refer to the same thing: a bladder infection.
Mild cystitis is on the list of conditions doctors can no longer write prescriptions for, along with sunburn, head lice, and travel sickness.
This is due to a revision in NHS guidance in 2018, which meant that patients could no longer get a prescription for over-the-counter medicines for a range of minor health conditions.
This was because of a government policy to reduce NHS spending on prescriptions for treating minor conditions which can resolve themselves.
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How Can You Treat Auti
In most cases, healthcare providers prescribe an antibiotic to treat a UTI. The type, dose and length of your antibiotic treatment depend on many factors, including the severity of the infection, your medical history and the type of bacteria found in your urine. Many people start to feel better within a few days of starting on an antibiotic. However, even if your symptoms improve, you should finish the entire course of the antibiotics as prescribed. This can help keep the infection from coming back. Your healthcare provider may also prescribe other medicines, including over-the-counter urinary tract infection products, to relieve pain or discomfort from a UTI, if needed.
Can Cranberry Juice Prevent Utis
Some of your girlfriends may have told you drinking cranberry juice can prevent UTIs. However, theres just not enough evidence to say whether its effective, and Dr Mcmullin advises against it.
Whilst this was best practice up until a few years ago, cranberry juice is no longer recommended to help treat or prevent UTIs. In fact, it can even interact with some antibiotics and reduce their effectiveness, says Dr Mcmullin.
If youre looking for something extra to help with the discomfort, Dr Mcmullin says a urinary alkaliniser like Ural is a great option whilst waiting for your antibiotics to kick in and treat the infection.
Urinary alkalinisers change the pH of the urine, which reduces the burning sensation and discomfort associated with UTIs. Its important to continue taking your full course of antibiotics though, even if you feel better, as they only provide symptom relief and dont treat the underlying infection, advises Dr Mcmullin.
If you ever experience any symptoms associated with a UTI or feel like somethings not quite right, dont delay in seeking medical attention as youll probably need a round of antibiotics to clear things up.
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